| Table 12. Descriptive Statistics of U.S. Supreme Court Votes on First Amendment Cases | ||||
| All Votes | Before Brandenburg Votes | After Brandenburg Votes | ||
| ATTITUDE OF JUSTICE | 0.39 | 0.53 | 0.02 | |
| (standard deviation) | (0.49) | (0.34) | (0.74) | |
| BRANDENBURG | ||||
| before | 61% | |||
| after | 39% | |||
| POLITICAL SPEECH | ||||
| Non-political | 11% | 0% | 27% | |
| Political | 89% | 100% | 73% | |
| DOCTRINE | ||||
| Likely and Imminent Risk of Lawless Action | 12% | 13% | 11% | |
| (Abstract advocacy) | 15% | 22% | 5% | |
| Not an Issue | 73% | 65% | 84% | |
| SETTING | ||||
| Public forum | 37% | 27% | 52% | |
| Semi-public forum | 25% | 23% | 26% | |
| (Non-public forum) | 4% | 4% | 6% | |
| Not an Issue | 34% | 46% | 16% | |
| GOVERNMENT | ||||
| Federal | 42% | 49% | 32% | |
| State | 17% | 17% | 16% | |
| (Local) | 35% | 27% | 47% | |
| School or University | 2% | 4% | 0% | |
| No Government | 4% | 4% | 5% | |
| SPEAKER | ||||
| Communist | 32% | 49% | 6% | |
| Protestor | 16% | 13% | 21% | |
| Racial Minority | 33% | 35% | 31% | |
| Other | 19% | 4% | 43% | |
| Note: Statistics for attitudes of justices are means, with standard deviations in parentheses. Percentages are given for categorical variables. Base (omitted) categories are noted by parentheses. | ||||