Date of Origination: October 26, 1995 Collected by: Paul Martin Last modification: 10/26/95 by PSM Description: Data on civil war from 1816-1992. Source: ICPSR (9905) Singer, J. David, and Melvin Small. CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992 [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI: J. David Singer and Melvin Small [producers], 1993. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1994. Notes: This dataset is a study of 150 major civil wars involving a total of 204 participants between 1816 and 1988. An internal war is classified as a major civil war if (a) military action was involved, (b) the national government at the time was actively involved, (c) effective resistance (as measured by the ratio of fatalities of the weaker to the stronger forces) occurred on both sides and (d) at least 1,000 battle deaths resulted during the civil war. This dataset describes the experience of each interstate system member in each war. The unit of analysis is the participant in a particular conflict. The file contains 612 logical records for 204 cases. Each case contains the values for 36 variables that describe the experience of one participant in a civil war. In order to be considered a nation-participant in the interstate system, certain minimal criteria of population and diplomatic recognition were used (at least 500,000 total population and either diplomatic recognition by at least two major powers or membership in the League of Nations or United Nations). Qualifying nation- participants are classified for the period 1816-1919 as to whether or not they were members of the European Central System at the time of the war and, therefore, active and influential in European-centered diplomacy. They are also classified as to whether or not they are dealt with by other members of the interstate system as major powers. The role of each participant in the war (whether the participant is the nation undergoing the civil war or is an intervenor and the side the intervenor took in the war) is coded as well as the outcome. The geographical location of the war is coded as well as the severity of the war as determined by its duration and the number of battle- connected total deaths. The pre-war population and number of persons serving in the armed forces (exclusive of police forces, unorganized militias, and gendarmerie) is also coded. Number of observations: 204 Variables: There are 17 variables in the data file. 1) YRBEG1 Year of First Entry into War Actual year of entry coded. 2) WARTYPE Outside Intervention in War? 4 - no 5 - yes 3) CENSYST War Fought in Member of Central Sub-system? 1 - yes 2 - no 4) MAJOR War Fought in Major Power? 1 - yes 2 - no 5) WINNER Outcome of War (victorious side) 1 - government 2 - opposition 3 - government after war became an interstate war 4 - opposition after war became an interstate war 5 - war ongoing as of 12/31/92 6 - stalemate 7 - war ongoing as of 12/31/92 after becoming an interstate war War was fought in the following regions: 6) WESTERN Western Hemisphere 1 - yes 2 - no 7) EUROPE Europe 1 - yes 2 - no 8) AFRICAN Africa 1 - yes 2 - no 9) MIDEAST Middle East 1 - yes 2 - no 10) ASIAN Asia 1 - yes 2 - no 11) OCEANIC Oceania 1 - yes 2 - no 12) BATTDEA Battle Related Fatalities Sustained by Regular Armed Forces Actual number coded. 0 - missing 13) DURATION Duration of Involvement (months) Actual number coded. 14) POP Pre-war Total Population (thousands) Actual number coded. 0 - missing 15) NUMARMY Pre-war Regular Armed Forces (thousands) Actual nubmer coded. 0 - missing 16) INTERSTA System Membership Status of Participant 1 - neither Central Sub-system member nor major power 2 - Central Sub-system member only 3 - Central Sub-system member and Major Power 17) INTERVEN On Which Side did Participant Intervene? 0 - NA/nation undergoing civil war 1 - government 2 - opposition 3 - neither side First three observations from datafile: 821 4 1 2 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 7000 16 11498 165 2 0 820 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2000 8 8692 42 1 0 821 5 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 . 1 30949 273 3 1 Last three observations from datafile: 992 5 2 2 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 3000 3 . . 1 0 992 5 2 2 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 . 3 . . 1 1 992 4 2 2 6 2 2 1 2 2 2 300 1 . . 1 0